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ASTM A106 Standard Specification
# ASTM A106 Standard Specification
The ASTM A106 specification outlines the requirements for seamless carbon steel pipes intended for high-temperature applications. These pipes are commonly used in the transportation of gases and liquids within refinery and boiler systems that operate under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The material must be capable of withstanding such demanding environments while maintaining its structural integrity. ASTM A106 pipes are designed to be compatible with various forming operations, including bending, flanging, and welding.
## ASTM A106 Chemical Composition:
Below are the chemical composition limits for the different grades of ASTM A106 steel pipes:
| Steel Grade | C, max (%) | Mn (%) | P, max (%) | S, max (%) | Si, min (%) | Cr, max (%) | Cu, max (%) | Mo, max (%) | Ni, max (%) | V, max (%) |
|-------------|------------|--------|------------|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|------------|
| Grade A | 0.25 | 0.27 - 0.93 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.08 |
| Grade B | 0.30 | 0.29 - 1.06 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.08 |
| Grade C | 0.35 | 0.29 - 1.06 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.15 | 0.40 | 0.08 |
## ASTM A106 Mechanical Properties:
The mechanical properties of ASTM A106 pipes vary depending on the grade. Here are the minimum yield strength and tensile strength values for each grade:
| Grade | Minimum Yield Point (MPa) | Minimum Tensile Strength (MPa) | Remarks (Similar to JIS) |
|-------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------|
| Gr A | 205 | 330 Min | STPG370 |
| Gr B | 240 | 415 Min | STPG410 |
| Gr C | 275 | 485 Min | STPG480 |
## ASTM A106 Dimensional Tolerances:
The dimensional tolerances for cold-drawn ASTM A106 pipes are as follows:
| Pipe Type | Parameter | Size Range | Tolerance |
|-----------|-----------|------------|-----------|
| Cold Drawn| OD | ≤48.3 mm | ±0.40 mm |
| | OD | ≥60.3 mm | ±1% |
| | WT | All sizes | ±12.5% |
## Number of Tests Required:
To ensure quality, ASTM A106 pipes undergo various tests based on their size and lot size:
| Test Type | NPS Size | On One Length from Each Lot of |
|-------------|----------|---------------------------------|
| Tensile | 5 and smaller | 400 or less |
| | 6 and larger | 200 or less |
| Bending | 2 and smaller | 400 or less |
| Flattening | 2 through 5 | 400 or less |
| | 6 and over | 200 or less |
These specifications ensure that ASTM A106 pipes meet the necessary standards for reliability and performance in critical industrial applications.
Comprehensive Classification Introduction to Tunnel Car Wash Machines
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What is a Tunnel Car Wash Machine?
A tunnel car wash machine is a high-capacity, automated vehicle cleaning system where the vehicle is pulled through a fixed tunnel by a conveyor belt while various washing modules perform a series of cleaning functions. Unlike reciprocating or rollover machines that move around a stationary vehicle, tunnel systems are designed to wash vehicles in motion, enabling them to handle large volumes efficiently. These systems are ideal for high-traffic locations such as professional car wash centers, gas stations, dealerships, and fleet service companies.
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Working Principle of Tunnel Car Wash Systems
The tunnel car wash operates on a conveyor-based movement system. Vehicles are guided onto a conveyor track, and the front tire is engaged by rollers that pull the car through the tunnel. As the vehicle moves, it passes through a series of fixed stations equipped with:
• Pre-soak sprayers
• High-pressure water arches
• Foam applicators or shampoo arches
• Rotating or oscillating brushes
• Wheel and underbody cleaners
• Rinse arches
• Wax and protectant applicators
• Powerful dryers or blower systems
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Each module is timed and positioned to perform a specific function, ensuring a thorough and consistent clean as the vehicle moves through the tunnel.
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Key Features of Tunnel Car Wash Machines
• High Throughput: Continuous operation with minimal delay between vehicles.
• Customization: Wash packages can be tailored to customer preferences via touchscreens or mobile apps.
• Modular Design: Modules can be added or removed based on the available space or service requirements.
• Advanced Sensors: Optical or ultrasonic sensors detect vehicle size and shape for accurate cleaning.
• Water Recycling Systems: Integrated water reclamation systems help reduce water consumption by up to 80%.
• Eco-Friendly Options: Use of biodegradable detergents and energy-efficient motors.
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Advantages of Tunnel Car Wash Machines
• Maximum Efficiency: Ideal for car wash businesses in high-traffic areas looking to maximize customer turnover.
• Consistent Results: Each vehicle receives the same level of care and cleaning precision.
• Scalability: Tunnel systems can be expanded with additional modules as business grows.
• Increased Revenue Potential: Multiple services (underbody wash, wax, tire shine, etc.) can be offered to increase average ticket value.
• Low Operating Costs per Vehicle: Higher volume lowers the overall operational cost per wash.
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Conclusion
Tunnel car wash machines represent the pinnacle of high-capacity, automated vehicle cleaning technology. With classifications ranging from compact friction tunnels to sophisticated hybrid systems, operators can select the right configuration based on space, customer preferences, and business goals. The tunnel system’s ability to deliver fast, thorough, and repeatable washes makes it an indispensable tool for modern car wash businesses seeking scalability, efficiency, and high returns.