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Aluminum Alloy 7075 sheet
Aluminum Alloy 7075 is a high-performance material widely used in aerospace and other high-stress applications. It contains approximately 5.6–6.1% zinc, 2.1–2.5% magnesium, and 1.2–1.6% copper, with small amounts of silicon, iron, manganese, titanium, chromium, and other elements. This alloy is available in various tempers, such as 7075-0, 7075-T6, and 7075-T651, each offering different mechanical properties depending on the application.
As a zinc-based aluminum alloy, 7075 is known for its exceptional strength, ductility, and toughness. However, due to microsegregation, it can be more brittle than some other alloys. Despite this, it offers better corrosion resistance compared to 2000-series alloys. Its high strength-to-weight ratio makes it ideal for aircraft components and other structural uses.
The T6 temper of 7075 is achieved through a process involving solution heat treatment, quenching, and artificial aging at 120°C for 24 hours. This results in an ultimate tensile strength of 510–540 MPa (74,000–78,000 psi) and a yield strength of 430–480 MPa (63,000–69,000 psi), with elongation ranging from 5–11%.
For the T651 temper, the alloy undergoes additional stress relief before aging, leading to slightly higher tensile strength—up to 570 MPa (83,000 psi)—and a yield strength of 500 MPa (73,000 psi). The elongation at break is typically between 3–9%, depending on the thickness and form of the material.
Below is a detailed table showing mechanical properties for different forms of 7075:
| Material | Temper | Thickness (in) | Tensile Strength (ksi) | Yield Strength (ksi) | Elongation (%) |
|------------------|------------|----------------|------------------------|----------------------|----------------|
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T6 Bare | 0.125 - 0.25 | 78 | 69 | 8 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Bare | 0.25 - 0.50 | 78 | 67 | 9 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Bare | 0.5 - 1.0 | 78 | 68 | 7 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T6 Clad | 0.188 - 0.25 | 75 | 64 | 8 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Clad | 0.25 - 0.50 | 75 | 65 | 9 |
| Alloy 7075 Sheet | T651 Clad | 0.5 - 1.00 | 78 | 68 | 7 |
In terms of physical properties, 7075 has a nominal density of 0.101 lbs./in³ (2.80 Mg/m³) and a melting range between 990°F and 1175°F (532°C to 635°C). Its specific heat capacity is approximately 0.23 BTU/lb-°F (960 J/kg-°K).
This alloy is valued not only for its mechanical performance but also for its versatility in manufacturing. Whether used in thin sheets or thick plates, 7075 remains a go-to choice for engineers requiring strong, lightweight materials in critical applications.