Multi-directional movement design of machining center
However, despite these innovations, few users actually adopt such machines in real-world production. When purchasing, buyers tend to favor conventional machine tool designs, but at trade shows, potential purchasers are often drawn to the complex movements of these advanced machines.
While many machines boast elaborate movement systems, there's a growing trend that is gaining traction—synthetic motion manufacturing. This concept, though not new, is now being more widely applied. In synthetic motion machines, different components move along the X, Y, and Z axes, but their design still reflects the functionality of standard machine tools.
Pivot connectors provide movement in the x direction
One example of this approach is the "relative motion" machining center from Olympic Seiki (Vigo Machinery in the US). Instead of moving the tool or the table independently, both move simultaneously. On the X and Z axes, the ball screw moves the table and the tool in opposite directions. The relative feed rate of the tool to the workpiece is the sum of both movements. Acceleration is also enhanced, with smaller machines reaching up to 2g. Additionally, the symmetrical movement of the components improves stability and dynamic balance.
Another machine that uses the synthetic motion concept is the Genius 500 horizontal machining center from Gross Hüller (now owned by MAG IAS). In this design, the X-axis motion is achieved through side-to-side movement, while components move vertically along the Y-axis. An inverted V-shaped connector drives the spindle, allowing vertical movement via two linear motors. When both motors move at the same speed, the Y-axis motion is achieved. If they move at different speeds, the center of gravity shifts, enabling X-axis movement.
This design eliminates the need for a dedicated motor for X-axis movement, simplifying the overall structure. Whether moving along the X or Y axis, the motor force always acts along the direction of gravity, ensuring the machine is well-supported and preventing lateral forces that could affect performance. As a result, the tool can move quickly in the XY plane while maintaining high accuracy and reliability.
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