Complex difficult mining body mining technology

Non-ferrous metal deposits varied storage conditions, a lot of broken rock deposits unstable, or unfavorable factors exist highland stress and groundwater, its complex mining conditions, large mining difficult, often resulting in low mining efficiency, low security level of protection, Serious waste of resources and high mining costs.

In view of the complicated mining technology conditions of China's non-ferrous mineral deposits, in recent years, through the combination of production, education and research, great progress has been made in the mining technology of complex and difficult mining beds.

(1) Mining technology for crushing difficult mining bodies. The broken hard-to-mine body occupies a large proportion in China's non-ferrous mines. The mining technology for this type of ore body has always been a key research issue for related mines, and has achieved many results.

Eastern poongsan binding copper ore mining conditions crushing hard material mining, ore research and development of heterogeneous nugget caving technology. The partitioned bottoming process adopted suppresses the mixing and ineffective release of the stone; the new process of small-face advanced smooth blasting, and the new technology of combined spraying, pouring, anchoring and post-grouting support constitute the overall bearing structure. It effectively solves the problem of roadway excavation and support in extremely fractured rock formations. The technology successfully uses the ore caving method in the fractured ore body with heterogeneous rock, complex shape and large proportion of stone inclusions, which opens up a feasible way to solve the mining of low-grade complex and difficult-to-mine bodies in Fengshan Copper Mine.

Aiming at the conditions of medium and thick ore bodies with unstable rock mass surrounding the upper plate, the horizontal layered filling mining method of step top plate was researched and developed. The mining method of the mining method is arranged along the direction of the ore body, up to 100m, and the width is the horizontal thickness of the ore body. Returning to the mining body from the bottom plate, leaving a 1.0m strip of pillars in the unstable section of the upper plate. The roof of the stopway of the lower plate is always super high on the roof of the upper stop. When the stope is filled, the upper yard is filled and topped to facilitate the maintenance of the broken rock on the upper plate. The lower yard is filled without filling, leaving a compensation space of about 1.0m to provide conditions for efficient mining. Rock drilling, mining and support are all trackless equipment for high efficiency mining.

The upward stratified strip filling mining process was successfully applied in the unstable ore body of Tonglushan Copper Mine. The stratified stope is arranged along the ore body, and the mining ore pillar is not divided, and the continuous mining is carried out in the form of an approach. The width of the stope is adjusted according to the thickness of the ore body and the stability of the roof of the stope. The stope in the middle part of the ore body is filled with cement, and the stope near the upper and lower plates is filled with water sand. In the middle of the ore body, a layered contact road is drilled, and each segment is divided into four layers for recovery, and the layering height is 3 m. 5至5.5米。 In the non-cemented case is 4. 5 ~ 5.5m. The outer pulse slope is approved, the scraper is mined, the production capacity is large, and the production cost is low.

(2) Mining processes under complex conditions. The types of complex conditions of China's non-ferrous metal deposits include: ore body shape, occurrence and complex geological conditions, such as ore body branching, multi-layer ore belt complex, large water deposits, etc.; and goafs, structures and structures Relevant types of influence conditions are restricted. Copper combined Dahongshan gently inclined thick ore body using a joint mine stope mining, mining stratified approach filling process Tonglushan Copper branch complex ore body, have achieved success; for pit copper mine tin, persimmon Chuk Yuen polymetallic mine, mine empty area under the group conditions of lead zinc mine and mill dam Luanchuan molybdenum mine pillar recovery, and Tonglushan copper pillar mining slag from loose bag of mine, made in the process of innovation and technology, Get a good application effect.

Aiming at the mining conditions of the gently inclined medium-thick high-temperature deposit in Dahongshan Copper Mine, the research and development of the vibration-assisted electric power transport and combined mining and mining empty-field mining method. The medium-deep hole explosion force transporting process is adopted, and the center is thrown and concentrated by the lateral collapse. The vibration assisted flow technology is used to expand the scope of the embers, and the large electric pick-up and the rope throwing gun technology are used to recover the residual ore. It solved a series of problems such as mining technology, mining site safety and heat damage control, and provided technical guarantee for mine production.

The Tonglushan copper mine left a large number of pillars after a mining. These pillars were affected by a mining blast, and their integrity was destroyed. They were all in the ground pressure concentration zone and were vulnerable to secondary damage during the pressure-bearing process. And the pillars are wrapped in loose filling and the mining conditions are extremely poor. To this end, research and development on the ladder cementation filling mining method. Working in a safer small space, the mining operation starts from the bottom layer and starts from the bottom up, and the recycling operation is carried out. In order to improve the self-supporting capacity of the stope, the mining face is promoted in a stepwise manner. At the time of mining, the advanced mining tank is first raised, and then the bottom sides of the falling tank are expanded to form an approximately arched trapezoidal section. The width of the expansion depends on the width of the pillar. After retaining the mine walls on both sides, the full length of the mine is expanded along the mine.

Combined with the large-space conditions of the Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine, the study succeeded in using high-segment mining technology. The process drills up-and-down parallel holes in the sectioned rock chamber, adopts end grooving lateral collapse, large hole spacing, small resistance line and step blasting. Successfully solved the technical problems of high-efficiency mining of ore bodies under the conditions of large and empty areas, and expanded the production capacity under the premise of ensuring safety, overcoming the small height of the original mining method, low equipment efficiency, high bulk output rate, difficulty in ventilation and pillars. Fallen and other issues.

Combined with the damage of the ore body in the goaf of the plant dam lead-zinc mine, the joint mining plan of continuous rock-breaking with segmented rock drilling is used to solve the mining problem of complex hard-to-mine bodies under the condition of group airspace. The scheme firstly forms a grooving by blasting induced caving or forced caving of the ore, and adopts segmental upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole extrusion to blast the collapse, and the bottom structure bears the main mining task, and timely collapses the surrounding rock to control the mining site pressure. Its main advantage is that the reliability of the production system is good, and it has a stable and efficient production capacity of the stope: the ore loss and the depletion index are easy to control; the recovery operation is safe and secure.

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